Introduce the working principle of argon arc welding gun

Overview of Basic Principles: The argon arc welding gun is a key component of argon arc welding equipment, and argon arc welding belongs to gas shielded arc welding. Its working principle is based on arc welding, using argon gas as a protective gas to isolate the air from the welding area, preventing oxygen, nitrogen, and other harmful effects on the molten pool during welding

Arc generation process

When the switch of the argon arc welding gun is pressed to start welding, high-frequency high voltage is applied between the tungsten electrode (non melting electrode argon arc welding) and the workpiece to ionize the argon gas and form a conductive channel, and then the arc is maintained at a lower voltage.

. Alternatively, in melting electrode argon arc welding, appropriate voltage and current are provided between the welding wire and the workpiece through a power source to ionize the gas between the end of the welding wire and the workpiece, producing an arc

The temperature of this arc is high, ranging from several thousand degrees Celsius to tens of thousands of degrees Celsius, depending on various factors such as welding current and welding speed. For example, when welding stainless steel, the arc temperature can make the edge velocity of the stainless steel welding wire or workpiece melt appropriately

Argon protection mechanism

During operation of the argon arc welding gun, argon gas is sprayed out through a dedicated channel on the welding gun at a determined flow rate and pressure.

. Argon is an inert gas that forms a stable gas flow layer around the arc, surrounding the welding pool and high-temperature welding area

Due to the stable chemical properties of argon gas, it does not undergo chemical reactions with metals, thus effectively preventing harmful reactions such as oxidation and nitridation between metals in the melt pool and oxygen, nitrogen, etc. in the air. For example, when welding aluminum alloys, without argon protection, aluminum can easily react with oxygen at high temperatures to produce alumina, which affects the quality of the weld seam. However, argon protection can prevent this situation from occurring

Material melting and fusion during welding

Under the high temperature action of the arc, the welding wire (melting electrode argon arc welding) or the edge of the welded part (non melting electrode argon arc welding) begins to melt.

. The melted metal forms a droplet (melting electrode argon arc welding) or a pool (non melting electrode argon arc welding)

These droplets or pools are smoothly welded under the protection of argon gas. The droplet transitions into the weld pool, or the metal in the pool gradually solidifies with the movement of the welding gun under the action of the welding arc, forming a continuous weld seam and connecting the welded parts together. For example, when welding pipelines, the welding seam along the pipeline is operated by an argon arc welding gun to continuously form and solidify a molten metal pool, ultimately completing the welding of the pipeline